垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的：观察垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折的效果。方法：选择老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者 40 例，予垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗，并观察患者术前及术后 1 个月在疼痛缓解、伤椎前缘高度、后凸畸形改善的情况。 结果：40 例患者术前疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）（6.76±1.16）、伤椎前缘高度（16.38±2.26）mm 及 Cobb 角（22.17±3.46）?，术后 1 个月 VAS 评分（2.34±0.73）、伤体前缘高度（28.45±6.46）mm及 Cobb 角（8.43±4.34）?，术后 1 个月患者在疼痛缓解、伤椎前缘高度、后凸畸形改善等方面较术前有明显区别（P<0.05）。结论：老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折经垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗，可明显减轻患者疼痛，改善后凸畸形。     

Genomic targeting by recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange in the spotted wing drosophila,Drosophila suzukii

Drosophila suzukii is a significant pest of stone and small fruits. The genome of this species has been sequenced and manipulated by transposon‐mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. These technologies open a variety of possibilities for functional genomics and genetic modifications that might improve biologically based population control strategies. Both of these approaches, however, would benefit from genome targeting that would avoid position effects and insertional mutations associated with random transposon vector insertions, and the limited DNA fragment insertion size allowed by gene editing. Here, we describe an efficient recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) system for D. suzukii in which heterospecific lox recombination sites were integrated into the genome by transposon‐mediated transformation and subsequently targeted for double recombination by a donor vector in the presence of Cre recombinase. Three loxN/lox2272 landing site lines have previously been created in D. suzukii, and quantitative PCR determined that polyubiquitin‐regulated enhanced green fluorescent protein expression is least susceptible to position effect suppression in the 443_M26m1 line. We presume that RMCE target sites may also be inserted more specifically into the genome by homology‐directed repair gene editing, thereby avoiding position effects and mutations, while eliminating restrictions on the size of donor constructs for subsequent insertion.     

Four new diarylheptanoids from Rhizoma Zingiberis

Four new diarylheptanoids, (1S, 3R, 5R, 6R)-1, 5-epoxy-3, 6 dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) heptane (1), (1R, 3R, 5S)-1, 5-epoxy-3-acetoxy-1-(4, 5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3, 4- hydroxyphenyl) heptane (2), (3R, 5S, 6R, 7S)-3, 6-epoxy-7-hydroxyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane (3), (E)-3-keto-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4, 5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4- heptene (4), were isolated from Rhizoma Zingiberis, and their structures were determined based on HR-ESI-MS and extensive spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR). Compounds 1–4 exhibited no cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines.

     

Association of PD-L1 gene rs4143815 C>G polymorphism and human cancer susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) mediated immune escape play important roles in the development of cancer. The gene polymorphism of PD-L1, in particular rs4143815 C?>?G, has been associated with the cancer risks, but with conflicting results. Therefore, this meta-analysis was aimed to assess the association between rs4143815 C?>?G and cancer susceptibility. A systematic literature search was performed to select the studies and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the strength of association. Eleven eligible studies containing 3711 cases and 3704 controls were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that there is a strong association between rs4143815 C?>?G and the cancer risks (G vs. C: OR?=?1.386, 95% CI: 1.132–1.696, p?=?0.002; GG vs. CG?+?CC: OR?=?1.843 95% CI: 1.300–2.613, p?=?0.002; GG?+?CG vs. CC: OR?=?1.280, 95% CI: 1.040–1.576, p?=?0.020). Subgroup analysis based on cancer type suggested that PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might increase the susceptibility to gastric cancer (G vs. C: OR?=?1.842, 95% CI: 1.403–2.418, p?<?0.001) and bladder cancer (G vs. C: OR?=?2.015, 95% CI: 1.556–2.608, p?<?0.001), and genotype GG carriers of PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might have higher risks of HCC (GG vs. CG?+?CC: OR?=?2.226 95% CI: 1.562–3.172, p?<?0.001). PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might confer an increased cancer risk, indicating this SNP may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and might be used as a potential biomarker to predict the susceptibility to cancer.     

计划镇静在高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者程序化脱机中的应用

目的 研究计划镇静应用于高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者程序化脱机的临床效果。方法 将60例高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者分为对照组和计划镇静组，对照组患者按需镇静，计划镇静组患者实施计划镇静方案。两组患者在镇静过程中Richmond躁动-镇静量表评分的目标分值为-3～-1分,最终均行程序化脱机。结果 两组患者首次计划性气管插管拔除成功率分别为43%和80%，谵妄发生率分别为20%和7%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），而已拔管患者48h内再插率分别为7%和3%，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），两组患者首次计划性气管插管拔除后2h血气分析比较，计划镇静组明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 高龄低肺功能肺癌术后机械通气患者给予计划镇静，可以改善患者的临床转归，提高患者对治疗的依从性，减少气管插管的非计划性拔除率。     

贫化六氟化铀及其转化产品的再利用路线研究

目的 研究贫化六氟化铀（DUF₆）及其转化产品的再利用途径。方法 通过研究国外相关研究成果，结合我国发展情况，分析DUF₆、贫铀金属及氧化物、氟化物的再利用前景。结果 结合我国DUF₆的库存量以及1 500~2 000吨的年增长速度，从近期、中期和远期分三个阶段给出了DUF₆、贫铀金属及氧化物、氟化物再利用的路线图。结论 近期主要考虑贫化UF₆的安全储存，同时应加强贫铀产品和氟产品再利用的相关研究工作，开展高附加值利用领域的研究。     

基于调控肠道菌群探讨中药防治脑卒中

肠道菌群是一个独特的生态系统,被称为人体"被遗忘的器官",被誉为人类的"第二基因组"。肠道菌群失调与许多中枢神经系统疾病相关,例如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默症、精神分裂症及多发性硬化等。脑卒中具有高的发病率、复发率、死亡率和致残率的特点。肠道菌群在脑卒中的发生、发展中起着关键的作用,可通过影响机体的吸收、代谢、血压、血糖、血脂及动脉粥样斑块等因素,进一步影响脑卒中的发病。中医认为脾胃气血流注失度、阴阳盛衰失衡,机体生理功能失调,化生"风、火、痰、虚、瘀"等病理产物,可致中风的发生。脾胃主腐熟运化水谷,肠道菌群影响饮食的消化吸收,现代研究的肠道菌群功能与中医之脾胃功能失调相关。因此,调整肠道菌群的稳态,可作为一个潜在的干预靶点预防和治疗缺血性脑卒中。中药干预脑卒中已经取得了很好的疗效,是否与调节肠道菌群有关,值得未来做进一步的研究。同时对中药有效成分(小檗碱、黄芩苷、白藜芦醇等),中药单方(丹参、红景天等)和中药组方(补阳还五汤、脑心通胶囊、补中益气汤等)防治脑缺血的研究进展进行综述,为缺血性脑卒中的预防和开发提供新的途径和思路。